Which federal government agency was established by the OSH Act of 1970?

The agency established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970 is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, commonly known as OSHA. OSHA was created to ensure safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.

In addition to OSHA, the OSH Act also led to the establishment of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. While both agencies play crucial roles in occupational health and safety, OSHA is the one directly created by the OSH Act.

Recognizing OSHA and NIOSH together highlights the comprehensive approach the OSH Act took towards occupational health and safety, as these agencies work in tandem to promote worker safety standards and conduct vital research. Therefore, the correct answer acknowledges that both OSHA and NIOSH are key components of the OSH Act's legacy in protecting worker health and safety.