What controls are available for reducing emissions from mobile sources?

Reducing emissions from mobile sources is crucial for improving air quality and public health, and a variety of controls exist to achieve this goal. The correct answer encompasses both types of controls mentioned as they each play a vital role in managing emissions.

Catalytic oxidizers and emissions filters are specific technologies used to reduce harmful pollutants from exhaust emissions. Catalytic oxidizers increase the efficiency of the combustion process, resulting in fewer unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide being released. Emissions filters, such as particulate filters, capture solid particulates from the exhaust, which is particularly important in diesel engines.

On the other hand, oxygenated fuels and emissions standards address emissions from a regulatory perspective. Oxygenated fuels, which contain added oxygenates like ethanol or methanol, promote more complete combustion, leading to lower emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Emissions standards set legally enforceable limits on the amount of pollutants that can be emitted from mobile sources, thereby pushing manufacturers to innovate and reduce emissions through improved technology.

Considering all of these controls collectively enhances the effectiveness of reducing emissions from mobile sources, highlighting the importance of both technological and regulatory strategies in controlling pollution. This makes the comprehensive answer that includes all available options accurate and reflects the multifaceted approach required to tackle emissions effectively